A war-battered Ukraine on Tuesday commemorated the 10th anniversary of the so-called Maidan revolution, the popular uprising that toppled a pro-Russia president, showcased the nation’s embrace of European values and foreshadowed the current conflict with Moscow.
Across Ukraine, people laid flowers at monuments honoring those killed during the protests, and officials hailed the uprising that started in 2013 as a milestone on the road to achieving greater democracy and to standing up to Russia.
In a video address released on Tuesday morning, President Volodymyr Zelensky of Ukraine said: “10 years ago, we began a new chapter in our struggle. 10 years ago, Ukrainians launched their first counteroffensive.” During the Maidan revolution, he added, “the first victory in today’s war took place.”
The uprising, ignited by popular outrage at a decision by Ukraine’s president at the time, Viktor F. Yanukovych, to shelve a trade agreement with Brussels, was a powerful demonstration of the country’s commitment to Europe.
The current war has accelerated those aspirations, with Ukraine now officially a candidate to become a member of the European Union. Several top European officials visited Ukraine’s capital, Kyiv, on Tuesday to reaffirm their support to the war-torn nation, including Charles Michel, president of the European Council, and Boris Pistorius, Germany’s defense minister.
The Maidan uprising “is also part of Europe’s history,” Kateryna Zarembo, an associate fellow at the Kyiv-based New Europe Center, said in an interview, adding that the visits on Tuesday demonstrated Europe’s strong commitment to Ukraine.
The commemorations on Tuesday were shrouded in a particularly deep sense of sadness as Ukrainians reflected not only on the lives lost in the struggle for independence over the past decade but also on the prospect that many more will die as bloody fighting continues.
“These men are now watching us from the sky,” Rostyslav Karandieiev, Ukraine’s acting minister of culture, said during a memorial in Kyiv honoring the 100 or so participants of the Maidan uprising killed by the police.
“They were the first, but unfortunately not the last,” he added.
Around him, mourners stood in the bitter morning cold holding bouquets of white and yellow chrysanthemums, next to marble portraits of the victims. They recited prayers, sang the Ukrainian anthem and shouted “Glory to Ukraine! Glory for the heroes!” — the slogan around which the nation has rallied since Russia invaded last year.
The Maidan protests erupted on Nov. 21, 2013, hours after Mr. Yanukovych announced that he was rejecting the trade deal with the European Union in favor of closer economic ties with Russia. Many Ukrainians supported the deal with Brussels, seeing it as a way to lessen Moscow’s influence and improve living standards.
The protests were peaceful at first but escalated into violence as the police started firing live ammunition into crowds of demonstrators, who armed themselves with makeshift shields and clubs. The fighting killed more than 100 people, including a dozen police officers.
Increasingly unpopular, Mr. Yanukovych fled to Russia and was removed from office by Ukraine’s Parliament, a moment that the country celebrated as a historic democratic victory.
But Russia viewed the protests as a Western-backed coup intended to distance Moscow from a country that used to be in its sphere of influence. Shortly after, Russian troops seized Crimea and instigated a separatist uprising in eastern Ukraine.
At the memorial in Kyiv on Tuesday, Ohla Salo, a museum worker, said, “When Maidan won, Putin understood that it would not be possible to take control of Ukraine other than by military means.”
In his video address, Mr. Zelensky drew a straight link between the Maidan uprising and the current war.
“We fought, and we are still fighting,” he said. “Both in the center of the capital back then and on the outskirts of Bakhmut now,” he added, referring to an eastern city that has seen some of most intense battles of the war.
The commemorations on Tuesday were clearly intended to bolster Ukrainians’ resilience and courage in the face of Russia’s invasion. But participants in Kyiv could not hide a sense of growing fatigue as the war nears its 21st month and progress on the battlefield has mostly stalled.
“We understand that, maybe, victory won’t be quick,” Ms. Salo said.
Ukraine’s military said on Tuesday that its forces were facing fierce assaults by Russian troops in the east around the towns of Bakhmut and Avdiivka.
Serhii Tsekhotskyi, a Ukrainian officer fighting near Avdiivka, told national television that Russian forces had in the past few days sent driverless “kamikaze” vehicles packed with explosives toward Ukrainian positions.
Moscow said on Tuesday that its forces had fended off attempts by Ukrainian troops to expand their control over a sliver of land they had secured on the Russian-occupied left bank of the Dnipro River, near the southern city of Kherson. Russia’s account could not be independently verified.
“It will be a long war,” Oleksandr Krykun, a 67-year-old Ukrainian sergeant, said at the memorial in Kyiv.
Mr. Krykun expressed a sentiment that has been growing in Ukraine in recent weeks: that the West is not committed enough to Ukraine’s victory over Russia now that the world’s attention is shifting to the war in Gaza.
Asked about the U.S. announcement on Monday of $100 million of additional military aid to Kyiv — a small package compared to previous ones — Mr. Krykun said, “It’s just coins.”
Amid fears of a possible falloff in American support, European leaders have vowed to increase their own aid to Ukraine. Billions of dollars in additional assistance have been announced in recent days by countries including Germany and the Netherlands. Mr. Pistorius, the German defense minister, told reporters that he had come to Kyiv “firstly to pledge further support.”
The visits by European officials came ahead of a summit next month during which European Union leaders plan to decide whether to open formal membership talks with Ukraine.
Mr. Zelensky has pushed for his country to join. “Year after year, step by step, we do everything to ensure that our star shines in the circle of stars on the E.U. flag,” he said on Tuesday.
